Roles and Responsibilities of Parents towards Children's Education in Islamic Perspective

The family is the first educational institution that helps foster creativity in children. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the roles and responsibilities of parents towards children's education in an Islamic perspective. The research method used is library research. In Islam, the future of children is determined in the family education system. The role of parents is very important in giving birth to children who become a generation of rabbani who have faith, piety and good deeds for their survival in this world and in the hereafter. The Qur'an mentions the qualities that must be possessed by parents as educators, the first and foremost of which is divinity and knowledge of God who will later have wisdom (benefit) or understanding of the truth found through reason and knowledge so as to express gratitude to God, love to give advice to their children about God, do not associate partners with God, order their children to pray, and teach them to be patient when facing difficulties.


INTRODUCTION
The family is the first educational institution that helps foster creativity in children.It is very important for parents to educate their children, as a child's education greatly affects their future personality traits.Not only are they responsible for providing love and care, but parents must be role models for their children.Children develop as they model the behaviors, attitudes, and values exhibited by their fathers and mothers.In children's education, the most important thing is the example of parents in everyday life.If the parents are obedient and devoted to Allah, then the child will also grow up in obedience and obedience to Allah SWT.This is because children imitate the habits of their parents.Whether we realize it or not, children imitate good examples from the people around them.A good example is the basic foundation for educating children both morally and religiously.The actions and words of children are the result of a perfect imitation process of the people around them (Abdussyukur, 2022).As explained in QS. :6, parents have the responsibility to care for and educate their children.
In this modern era, many parents treat their children the wrong way.For example, because parents are too busy with their work from morning to night, parents rarely spend time with their children at home.In addition, children are left to relatives from an early age, so parents lose the opportunity to educate their children.
Lack of parental affection will negatively affect children such as difficulty adapting to the social environment, their ability to trust others is also impaired, and as a result, their academic performance decreases.Many students at school are sensitive, such as being easily offended, often angry or hostile, always looking for friends to make mistakes, prefer to withdraw with more silence, do not like to spend time with friends to play or study, lack confidence, lazy, not independent, overthinking, irresponsible, and do not give a sense of care to others.
Children are a mandate from Allah SWT that must be guarded by parents.Before Allah, parents are responsible for looking after and guiding their children.No matter how busy parents are, parents should take the time to educate their children.If parents are involved in children's education, children will grow and develop healthily and optimally.This article aims to describe the roles and responsibilities of parents towards children's education from an Islamic perspective.

RESEARCH METHODE
The research method used is literature or library research.Literature is one type of research by collecting information and data in the form of books, journals, articles and other relevant sources.The steps are to collect various sources, then read them, review existing sources, record the main things that are still relevant to be used as conclusions, then presented in writing.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION The Role of Parents in Children's Education
Based on Imam al-Ghazzali's idea that the role of parents is very important in children's education.The influence of parents on children's education is very large.The term "hifd an-Nafs" in ushul fiqh refers to the development of a child's psyche or psychic who is more socially conscious and healthy; "hifd al-'Aqlu" also refers to the education of children to be able to think positively, critically, intelligently, and productively; and "hifd an-Nash" refers to maintaining family honor and reputation, and hifd an-Nash refers to maintaining family honor and upholding family reputation.In addition to maintaining family honor and upholding family reputation, hifd al-Mâl here also serves to meet the needs of children, including their rights and education, inheritance for children for parents, and provision for obtaining a respectable education.Dharûriyât al-khamsah becomes an important factor for the protection of children and even becomes the basis for the child's life until adulthood.
The position of parents has been explained in the Qur'an, as mentioned by Allah SWT: As educators, the Qur'an mentions the qualities that parents should have, namely parents should have knowledge of the nature of God and then understand the wisdom or truth obtained through reason and knowledge so as to be able to express gratitude to God.Happy to give advice to their children about God, do not associate partners with God, instruct their children to pray, and teach them to be patient when facing difficulties.
As parents bear most of the responsibility for raising and educating their children, their role is crucial.The role of parents determines the future and beliefs (religion and aqidah) of a child.(Laela, 2016).

The Role of Fathers in a Family
Nugroho Rinto explains the role of a father in a family: (Nugroho Rinto Ipnu, 2023): 1. Father as Leader Father is the most important person in the family because he is the leader.A father's duty is to guide his children in the right direction at all times.The path that is in accordance with the teachings of Islam and that has been exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad SAW is, of course, what is meant by this straight path.

Father as Role Model
A child is a great imitator.They are able to imitate our actions and words.For that, a father must be able to be a role model.Like fathers, like children, parents must set a positive example for their children.If the father is a frugal person, then the child will also grow up to be a frugal person.Conversely, if the father likes to live a luxurious lifestyle, then the child will too.

Father as Motivator
A father must be an inspiration for his children.Especially when his children are in a sad state.It should be a father's responsibility to lift his son's spirits if he fails.A person's character benefits greatly from a father's moral guidance and motivation.Don't let your child think that he has to struggle alone to achieve his goals.

Father as Protector of the Family
A father should also defend his family.Not only for his spouse but also for his children, he should be an attentive listener.He should be ready to protect his children from threats or intimidation that they may face from others.Children will feel secure if they have a father figure in their lives.Parents need to understand how important a sense of security is to a child's character development.5. Fathers should be able to encourage their children's self-confidence No one wants their children to grow up to be timid, insecure, or inferior adults.This is where the role of a father is very important.Fathers must have the ability to boost their children's confidence when they feel inadequate.All of this can be done if the father provides good guidance to the child, encourages him to always think positively and prevents the child from thinking negatively.Help the child understand that negative thinking has no benefit other than weakening or even eliminating his confidence.6. Fathers should be able to play with their children Fathers don't always have to work full-time.Fathers should also be able to play with their children occasionally.Fathers and children should be able to play and have fun.In addition, a father must also be able to instill moral values to his children, as well as provide valuable knowledge.7. Fathers must be able to educate their children to be righteous.
A father has a great responsibility.Being able to raise his children to be pious children is one of them.A father needs to understand how difficult it is to raise a pious child.A child must follow the example of the Prophet and believe and fear Allah SWT to become a pious person.Not only that, a child must also be devoted to parents.A child should also be able to show affection and care to parents, especially when they are elderly.A child should always smile kindly and never argue or speak harshly to his parents in order to be said to be pious.A child should always pray for his parents.A child should always keep in touch with their parents' friends or relatives to be considered filial.Finally, for a child to be considered pious, he or she must always try to maintain the good name of their parents.This can be achieved by taking care of oneself, not judging other parents, continuing their good deeds, and refraining from following their bad deeds or mistakes.8. Fathers should be able to instill a sense of discipline in their children A father must also be able to instill a sense of discipline in his children.Do not let our children grow up to be people who are arbitrary.One example is time discipline.Teach our children to wake up before dawn prayer.If necessary, wake up our children to do tahajud prayer.From Abu Sa'id and Abu Hurairah r.a., the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said, "Whoever wakes up at night and wakes up his family (wife), then both of them pray two rak'ahs together, surely both of them 272 will be written among those who remember a lot from among men and women".(HR.Abu Dawud).When we are able to teach good habits to our children, they will pass on those habits and eventually develop into a strong character.Children raised in a frugal environment will grow up to be frugal adults.Children raised in a clean environment will grow into adults who also value cleanliness.9.A father should be able to improve his child's emotional intelligence To deal with children's unstable emotions, a father should be able to try to mature his child's emotional intelligence.It is important to improve children's emotional intelligence.There are many ways that a father can improve his child's intelligence.For example, reducing children's negative emotions, training children to be calm in dealing with various kinds of problems that come to them, training children to immediately rise from adversity, and many others.10.A father must be able to give attention to his child A father's attention to his child does not have to be in the form of pocket money, delicious food and drinks, attractive clothes, and other possessions.The attention referred to here is very deep attention.When a father asks his child, "Have you prayed, son?", it is also an act of affection.Even a simple, "Have a good day tomorrow, dear" is enough.It is another way a father shows care for his child.

Mother's Role in a Family
Mothers have the greatest right to nurture their children, because a child's education begins long before their child is born.Since the womb, she has been responding to her child.The first sound the child hears is the mother's heartbeat, then the mother's voice.This is why mothers are given more rights to educate their children.(Anwar & Anwar, 2017) Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says: This verse is very clear that Allah SWT is the purpose of human creation, this shows how important the role of mothers in guiding and shaping children towards this goal.How important education is for children at an early age, because it will affect their lives in the future.In this case, mothers should teach their children about worship, introduce them to fasting, prayer, reciting the Quran, and other practices so that they grow up to be obedient Muslims.Conversely, if mothers neglect their children's education because they are preoccupied with household chores, the result is that children will imitate their surroundings and be more easily influenced by things that are not good.A mother should be able to protect her children from bad influences by instilling moral values and providing religious teachings.Given that children are very close to their mothers and feel admiration for them, it is very important for mothers to provide guidance to their children.Don't let the opportunity to develop into a person who is faithful to Allah SWT be lost.
Mothers are known to be close to their children since the womb, therefore mothers teach good deeds that are in accordance with Islamic law as well as practicing them.Thus, a pregnant mother who practices good behaviors such as praying and reciting the Qur'an can teach virtues to her fetus even while she is still carrying it.She can also teach her child about the importance of reciting the Qur'an and praying before giving birth.Children aged 7 to 12 are ready to learn about the world around them as they are prone to fantasy, imagination and can think things through.For this reason, mothers at this age must be correct in teaching their children to pray and recite the Qur'an, as these skills prepare them for the afterlife and help them grow into good human beings.(Yuhani`ah, 2022) Reading the Qur'an is not only soothing to the heart, but it can also improve children's brainpower and memory.Many studies have shown that children's intelligence grows when they are stimulated with the recitation of the Qur'an.Last but not least, knowing how to recite the Qur'an is good behavior.By doing this, a Qur'anic generation and civilization will be born, which will allow humans to expect the pleasure of Allah SWT.(Aba, 2022) But in reality, some mothers do not do what is best for their children such as violence, neglect and even worse, murder.Events like this show that a mother has lost her role and does not love her child.On the other hand, some mothers who love their children always think about their children, sometimes whatever food they get from their mothers will be given to their children.This reflects the endless love of a mother.A mother always strives for the best for her child, because she always remembers that the person who gave birth to her has given the best for her.(Surahman, 2019) Parents are not only an educator, there are other aspects that affect the growth and development of children.According to Juwariyah 2010 (Gilang Achmad Marzuki & Agung Setyawan, 2022) three factors influence child development.Among the three are: 1. Parental Factors The family is the first environment where children receive learning and education.It is in this environment that the child's personality is first formed.Therefore, both parents and all family members are obliged to provide learning and education that leads to the development of children's potential and nature.The first learning and education obtained by children is in the family environment, not only that the child's personality and character are also formed for the first time here.Thus, both parents and all family members are obliged to provide learning and education that leads to the development of children's talents and nature.274 Schools are the second place for children's education after receiving education in their families.Therefore, teachers have the duty and responsibility to continue children's education from parents.Within the confines of established norms and regulations, teachers help students to realize their full potential.

Environmental Factors
The environment is the final factor in a child's basic potential, meaning that the environment in which he grows will shape his personality and character.A child's personality and character will be shaped by his or her environment, and vice versa.On the other hand, parents have a very important responsibility, which is to think about the home where they will raise and care for their children.
Every child is equipped with diverse abilities and potential.In order to make wise decisions, parents must realize the potential in their children.Children as well as adults have intuition.They sometimes decide for themselves what they believe is right, acting without considering the impact.That is why they need to be guided and directed early on on how to make decisions.
Educators aim to make changes in children.The changes that occur are expected to not only be relevant to the child's current life, but also relevant to the child's future life.Many teachers and parents teach their children how to succeed in the future and ignore what is beneficial for the present.This results in the child only focusing on his or her future and ignoring the current environment.
According to modern philosophy, education aims to assist the developing child in the most beneficial interaction with his or her environment.A well-educated child needs to adapt to the world.His education is determined by the process of selfadjustment.
In the process of maturation, parents can also give freedom to children in making their own decisions so that they can strive to become independent individuals but not apart from parental supervision and guidance.The right goal for parents is to provide the means to support the wishes of children's talents and interests so that children can freely express themselves.(Sewanglangi Rosinta Sakke, n.d.) External factors such as society, school environment, classmates and social media can be obstacles to a child's education.Nowadays, the environment plays an important role in children's education.According to Makmudah (2018), environmental factors can negatively affect children's education.When parents leave their children, the environment, including schools and society, will educate them society.Actually, children are born as a result of the upbringing of parents and the surrounding environment.Parents may only be present in the child's daily life at night, limiting the child's ability to interact.Education takes place in the school environment from the morning when children go to school.After school, children are taught by society, peers and social media.In this case, we must realize that the responsibility of education is now not only in the hands of parents.(Khoiriah & Alrasi, 2023)

Parental Responsibility for Children's Education
Islam requires everyone to be responsible, one of the responsibilities of parents is to provide education and strict Islamic teachings to their children.This education is based on good character, as mentioned by Rasullah, that he was sent to improve noble morals.Therefore, parents are responsible for protecting their children from various problems, both in the world and in the hereafter.As the statement of Rasullah SAW that parental responsibility is the right of every child.Among the rights mentioned by Rasullah SAW are, giving a good name, circumcising it, teaching the Qur'an, and marrying.(Zubairi, 2022) Based on the view of Zakiah Daradjat in (Syahri, 2021) that parents at least have educational responsibilities to raise and care for their children, protect and ensure physical and spiritual equality from all diseases and persecution of life, provide teaching by providing opportunities to increase the potential of children, make children happy according to Islamic views.
Allah SWT in his word: The verse commands us to educate and teach ourselves and our families and to protect ourselves from the punishment of Hell.In addition, this verse also commands us to obey all commands and leave all prohibitions.Parents should teach and order their children to obey Allah SWT.forbid children to sin, as well as advise them against actions that can cause them to enter hell.Wahbah Al-Zuhaily in (Rohinah, 2014).
Although raising children is sometimes not easy, there are many benefits for parents who have tried hard to educate their children.Islam sees how noble the degree of parents is, in fact, Islam commands every child in this world to honor and glorify their parents at all times.Parents have made many sacrifices to meet the physical and emotional needs of their children, providing care, education, and teaching children about the meaning of life will ultimately be a guarantee for their future (Thohirin et al., 2023).
It is the duty of parents to raise their children.Protection is one way that this care can be provided.Children need to be protected by their parents from the heat of the sun and the cold of the night.Providing health protection is like trying to keep the child healthy, keeping them from going hungry, and supporting them in everything necessary.Of course, parents now know and understand the value of providing for their children.In fact, family habits, environmental development, and societal culture have a significant impact on children's character and physical development.In this case, parents are fully aware of and responsible for all changes in their children.Followed by instructions about the punishment he will face for not acting in a way that is prohibited by his faith.Zainudin in (Sitika & Nirmala, 2017).

CONCLUSION
Based on the results and discussion presented, parents are the father and mother of the family and have a role and responsibility for their child's life.As the statement of Rasullah SAW that the responsibility of parents is the right of every child.Among the rights mentioned by Rasullah SAW are, giving a good name, circumcising it, teaching the Qur'an, and marrying.In addition, the determinant of the child's future is determined in the family education system.The role and responsibility of parents is very important in giving birth to children who become a generation of rabbani who have faith, piety and good deeds for their survival in this world and in the hereafter.Parents are obliged to protect their children from various challenges, both in this world and in the hereafter.
Researchers suggest that parents should pay more attention to their children, especially in terms of education, provide good examples for children, shape children's personalities, build good communication relationships with children, and help children in shaping morals and religion.
not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me".(QS.Aż-Żāriyāt [51]:56) who believe, guard yourselves and your families against the fire of Hell, whose fuel is man and stone, and whose guardians are harsh and stern angels.They do not disobey Allah in what He commands them and always do what they are commanded"(QS.At-taḥrīm [66]:6).